Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. Impacts and effects of oil spillage in niger delta nigeria. One of these grievances related to environmental degradation caused by oil spills. Factors responsible for oil spillage in the zone are. Nigerias oilrich bayelsa state opens inquiry on spills. Schematic showing the different patterns of oil spill impacts to mangrove forests 34 figure 3. In nigeria, reports have it that from 1976 to 1998, a sum of about 5,724 incidences of oil spills which introduced crude oil to both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to the tune of 2,571,1. Oil spillage contain significant elements like cr and ba detected in oil spill sites of the gulf war. This chapter examines oil spillage incidences in the niger delta region in southsouth, nigeria. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling. Since the discovery of oil in nigeria in 1956, the oil sector has grown to be a dominant component of nigerias economy. On top of the 349 spills in 2014, eni reported more than 500 oil spills in 20. World nigeria oil oil spills nigeria oil nigeria, one of the worlds most oilrich countries, has a history of catastrophic oil spills that have wreaked havoc on the environment and local.
Shell sued in uk for decades of oil spills in nigeria. The shell petroleum development company of nigeria limited is committed to minimising oil spills to the environment and to cleaning up all spills. Shell, nigeria accused over oil spill clean up vanguard news. Oil spillage in the niger delta region in nigeria the niger delta region in nigeria is 20,000 square kilometers a wetland of 70,000 square kilometers formed by sediment deposition. The key environmental issues in the niger delta of nigeria relate to its petroleum and industry. Oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. Massive oil spill at ilaje communities, nigeria ejatlas. Oil spillage has a major impact on the ecosystem into which it is released and many constitute ecocide. By pairing georeferenced data from the nigerian oil spill monitor which recorded the location of more than 6,600 spills between 2005 and 2015. These reports also provide information about oil corrosion accounts. Ever since the discovery of oil in nigeria in the 1950s, the country has been suffering the negative environmental consequences of oil development. Longterm effects of oil spills in bodo, nigeria al jazeera. Nov 11, 20 hundreds of oil spills reported in nigeria every year are ruining the environment and putting human lives at risk.
Waves, wind drift current, tidal current, ocean currents, bathymetry, vegetation and topography influence oil spill dispersal along the nigerian coastal waters. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian coastal areas peter c. Oil spill trajectory simulations offshore nigeria badejo o. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje. Since 2014 eni has reported 820 spills in the niger delta, with 26,286 barrels or 4. In this article, weve listed 10 horrible effects of nigeria oil spill, hopefully, youll find it not just interesting but educating. Introduction the niger delta is located in the atlantic coast of southern nigeria and is the worlds second largest. A joint investigation visit jiv is a visit to oil spill sites usually carried out within two weeks of an onshore oil spill in nigeria. Effects of hydrocarbon pollution on local economy a thesis approved by the faculty of environmental sciences and process engineering at the brandenburg university of technology cottbus in partial. Pdf the coastal area of the niger delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in nigeria. Causing the peoples of oil and gasrich niger delta region of nigeria. This paper examines the environmental impact of oil spillage and degradation in the niger delta region of nigeria.
Sep 17, 2012 in late december 2006, more than 200 people were killed in the lagos region of nigeria in an oil line explosion. Badejo abstract nigeria has a coastline of approximately 853km facing the atlantic ocean. A new report from amnesty international says spills in the niger delta are the. For instance, nigeria s development of the oil sector has been good for the country s economy. This coastline lies between latitude 4o 10 to 6o 20 n and longitude 2o 45 to 8o 35 e. Socioeconomic implications and environmental effects of. The objectives are to determine the quantity of oil spilled from pipelines, the area of coverage and to assess the effects of oil spillage on the people, soil and water. In february 2005, nigeria announced the award of five oil blocks in the joint development zone jdz, shared by nigeria and neighboring sao tome and principe stp. Effects of oil spillage on community development in the. Radioactivity concentration and heavy metal assessment of soil and water, in and around imirigin oil field, bayelsa state, nigeria. Aug 25, 2010 the national oil spill detection and response agency of nigeria has reported a total of 3,203 oil spills in the niger delta region in the last four years alone. Oil was, subsequently, soon discovered in other parts of the region like isoko and warri in delta and eket in akwa ibom state. This write up provides a detailed study of oil spillage. This paper assessed the effects of oil spillage on community development in the niger delta region of nigeria with a view to determine its adverse effects on poverty and hunger and its eradication in the region.
Discovery of oil discovering crude oil in oloibiri in present day bayelsa state in 1956 brought a new phase of life to the people of niger delta. The effects of oil spillage in the niger delta education. In august 1983 oshika village in rivers state witnessed a spill of 5,000 barrels of. Recent oil spills in delta and bayelsa states, nigeria three oil spills have been reported in the press in august and september 2016. Slippery justice for victims of oil spills africa renewal. Small amounts of water soluble barium may cause a person to experience. Big oil spills are common in the niger delta where over 40 million liters of crude oil is spilled annually, resulting in human deaths and damage to the local ecosystem. More than 40,000 nigerians demand action from shell to clean up oil spills that have devastated communities for decades.
Longterm effects of oil spills in bodo, nigeria al. Delta, the centre nerve of petroleum in nigeria, the most serious oil spillage occurred in july 1979, when a storage facility at the west end of shelloperated forcados terminal collapsed spilling an estimated 560,000 barrels of oil into the surrounding land, mangrove swamps and territorial waters nwankwo and ifeadi, 1988. The nigerian government plans to expand its proven reserves to 40 billion barrels by 2010. Oil communities have been at the receiving end of this environmental problem. Italian oil giant eni, which owns the nigerian agip oil company is a smaller player in the niger delta than shell and has received less attention. Section 5 of the regulation is on oil spill joint investigation visit jiva joint. Some natural causes of climate change are referred to as climate forcing or forcing mechanisms. All of these spills have had a devastating impact on the agriculture, environments and general wellbeing of the local communities. The first lawsuit against shell outside nigeria took years to be heard in court. Spdcjv has publicly reported oil spill statistics annually since 1995 in the shell sustainability report, and this website further enhances transparency on spills from spdcjv facilities in nigeria. Oil spills might take several months or even years to clean up.
Pdf oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. The press talked about a protest that was taking place in july 2011, and reported youth from the ilaje local government area of ondo state have accused the oil giant, chevron nigeria limited, of failing to implement the general memorandum of understanding. Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7. For example, nsrps cso partners trained communities affected by oil spills on how to participate in joint investigation. Causes and effect of climate and environmental changes in a broad sense, climate and environmental changes is the after mat of so many human activities and some natural occurrences. But the number of oil spills from its operations requires urgent action by both the nigerian and italian governments. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. In pursuance to this, nosdra promugated the oil spill recovery, cleanup, remediation and damage assessment reulations, 2011. All download files are in pdf format and open in a new window. Impacts of oil spillage in the niger delta major oil spills heavily contaminate coastal shorelines, causing severe localised ecological damage to the nearshore community. The effect of oil spillage and other industrial wastes on our environment have been a major concern in the warri area.
Resource conflicts are prevalent in the niger delta, where oil exploration and extraction have had devastating impacts on the natural environment. Skin contact with certain chromium compounds can cause skin ulcers, kidney and liver damage and even death. This is approved for students in accountancy business computer science economics engineering arts. National oceanic and atmospheric administration national ocean service office of response and restoration. The main sources of oil spill on the niger delta are. Shell begins cleanup after 10year delay the cleanup of a contaminated fishing community in nigeria has finally started almost 10 years after two oil spills in niger river delta. It is designed to assess the cause of the spill, the amount spilled and the scale and extent of damage and environmental impact. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje community, nigeria balogun s.
Nigeria is an oil producing nation with greater percentage of. Overview the nigerian governments 4 june 2008 decision to replace the shell petroleum development company spdc as operator of oil concessions in ogoni areas offers an opportunity for ending one of the longestrunning conflicts between a multinational oil company and a local community in the niger delta. A case study of the eriemu well and 19 oil spillage in ughelli region of delta state, nigeria. It is the largest wetland and maintains the thirdlargest drainage basin in africa. It is home to 20 million nigerians from 40 different ethnic groups, several. It tracks the progress of our spill management from when we detect the spill to when cleanup and remediation are completed and certified by.
Oil spillage is one of the greatest environmental problems, nigeria is currently battling with especially in the niger delta region. Spill was contained on 28 may 2019, recovery completed on 06 jun 2019, assessment completed on 05 sep 2019, cleanup and remediation completed on 09 mar 2020, site certification planned to be completed on june 2020. The effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state table of content chapter one introduction 1. Nigeria, conducted a research project on the impact of oil spillage in nigeria. Data gathered by amnesty internationals decoders reveals the extraordinary scale of oil pollution in the niger delta, and the high frequency of spills. Oil extra ction in the niger delta region has caused severe environmental degradation, owing to the legacy of oil spills. Nigeria s oil rich bayelsa state started an inquiry into the human and environmental impact of spills caused by multinational businesses operating in the region, opening a. Environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and. Indeed, it is one of the most significant environmental problems facing niger delta nigeria. Devastated by the ecological costs of oil spillage and the highest gas flaring rates in the. Get free research paper on the effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state project topics and materials in nigeria. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed.
The report, while acknowledging improvements to shells jiv process since 2011, identified serious flaws that. Aug 21, 2018 since the discovery of oil in nigeria in 1956, the oil sector has grown to be a dominant component of nigerias economy. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the niger delta region of nigeria. Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on. This study examined the effects of oil spillage on the socioeconomic activities of the people and the environment in some communities in the niger delta. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje community, nigeria 20 the year 2000, about twenty four 24 cases of large crude oil spillages were recorded around the world including south africa when a bulk carrier called treasure carrying about. Oil and gas journal 2005 estimates nigeria s proven oil reserved at 35. It was filed in 1996 by the family of ken sarowiwa, an author and activist, in the united states district court. The oil spills affected at least 1500 communities in the eight crude oil producing states in nigeria, and were mainly from the 5284 oil wells that were drilled as at 2006 and the 7000 km of crude oil pipeline that crisscrosses the niger delta region. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in. Many oil companies, including international oil companies, iocs.
The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. Pdf effects of oil spillage on community development in. The human health implications of crude oil spills in the. Vandalization of oil pipelines in the niger delta region. Aug 04, 2011 a major 1970 oil spill in ogoniland in the southeast of nigeria led to thousands of gallons being spilt on farmland and rivers, ultimately leading to a. These oil producing communities in nigeria have faced the brunt of this environmental problem. Pdf oil spill incidents and pipeline vandalization in. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger delta. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Apart from promoting coordination of key stakeholders, nsrp also contributed to capacity building of actors involved in oil spills response and management. It tracks the progress of our spill management from when we detect the spill to when cleanup and remediation are completed and certified by government regulators. Nigerian regulations of the oil industry are weak and rarely enforced, allowing in essence, the industry to selfregulate.
Recent international studies show that oil spills are common in nigeria. Oil spillage and heavy metals toxicity risk in the niger. Likewise in iboland, the eastern region marketing board was linked to the african continental bank of nnamdi azikiwe, who was convicted of fraud. It starts by tracing the history of oil spillages and the extent of the problem. The oyakama oil spillage of 10th may 1980 with a spill of approximately 30,000 barrels 3.
Schematic diagram depicting the effects of a large oil spill on mangrove forests 2 figure 3. Nov 03, 2015 shell was on tuesday accused of making false claims about the extent of its oil spill cleanup operations in nigeria and urged to take more action to help worsthit communities. Paradoxically, oil producing states in the federation the niger delta have benefitted the least from the oilwealth. There are indications that oil spillage, occasioned by sabotage and other factors have dropped in the niger delta by 27. Oil spillage is a global issue tha this paper aims to investigate the various environmental problems associated with oil exploration and spillage in specifically the niger delta in nigeria, as well as bring into perspective the environmental impact occurring in an important, reproductive wetland and marine ecosystem. Oil spill can be of two different categories the land spillage and the aquatic spillage but they all have a negative impact on both the environment and the society in general. Bodo village, nigeria in 2008 and 2009, a 55yearold pipeline owned by shell ruptured twice, throwing up 600,000 barrels, according to uk court claims, of crude oil into the surrounding creeks.
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